Ubwunganizi bwa Freeze-Thaw: Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Nordic byashizweho na sisitemu y'amazi -40 ° C.

Abashakashatsi ba Nordickunyererakwihanganira ubukonje bukabije bwa -40 ° C. Ibi bice byihariye byemerera imiyoboro kwaguka no gusezerana neza. Ibikoresho bigezweho birinda kumeneka no kunanirwa muburyo. Sisitemu y'amazi mubukonje bukabije yishingikiriza kuri ibyo bikoresho kugirango yizere igihe kirekire kandi azigame.

Ibyingenzi

• Ibikoresho byo kunyerera bikoresha ibikoresho byoroshye bituma imiyoboro yaguka kandi ikagabanuka neza, ikarinda kumeneka no gutemba mubihe bikonje.
• Ibikoresho byakozwe na Nordic bihuza ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho kugirango birinde ubukonje bukabije, ruswa, n’imiti yangiza, bigatuma sisitemu y’amazi aramba.
• Ibi bikoresho bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga no kunanirwa mugukora imiyoboro itekanye, idashobora kumeneka ikora neza binyuze mumuzingo mwinshi.

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera hamwe na Freeze-Thaw Ikibazo

Gusobanukirwa Amagare akonje-Thaw kuri -40 ° C.

Igihe cy'imvura yo mu majyaruguru kizana ubukonje bwinshi, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bugabanuka nka -40 ° C. Izi nzinguzingo zitera amazi mu butaka no mu miyoboro gukonja, kwaguka, hanyuma bigashonga, biganisha ku guhangayika. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Noruveje bwerekana ko gukonja kuri -15 ° C ku munsi, bigakurikirwa no gukonja kuri 9 ° C, bigabanya imiterere y’ubutaka kandi byongera ingaruka z’isuri. X-ray tomografiya yerekana ko inzinguzingo zisubiramo zigabanya ingano n'umubare w'ubutaka bw'ubutaka, bigatuma gutwara amazi bigorana kandi bikongerera amahirwe yo gutemba. Ibi bihe bibi birwanya umutekano wamazi nubutaka bubakikije.

Ingaruka kuri sisitemu y'amazi no gukenera ibisubizo byihariye

Sisitemu y'amazi mubukonje bukabije ihura nibibazo byinshi:

• Imiyoboro irashobora guturika iyo amazi imbere akonje kandi akaguka.
• Imiterere ya beto iteza imbere kandi igatakaza imbaraga.
• Urufatiro ruhinduka cyangwa rugacika uko ubutaka bwaguka n'amasezerano.
• Ibisenge hamwe n’imyanda irwara ingomero za barafu, bigatera kumeneka.
• Ubushuhe buva mu miyoboro yaturika bwangiza imbere.

Ba injeniyeri bakoresha ibisubizo byinshi kugirango bakumire ibyo bibazo:

• Gushyushya ibiringiti no gupfunyika bituma imiyoboro ishyuha.
• Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi itanga ubushyuhe buhoraho.
• Imashini ya Valve irinda ibice byagaragaye.
• Kuvoma imiyoboro no gukoresha valve irwanya ubukonje bihagarika urubura.

Ubu buryo bwibanda ku gukumira ubukonje no kugabanya amafaranga yo gusana.

Niki Gushiraho Ibikoresho Bitandukanye

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera biragaragara kuko byemerera imiyoboro kugenda uko ubushyuhe buhinduka. Bitandukanye nu muringa gakondo cyangwa PVC, ibikoresho byo kunyerera bikozwe mubikoresho byoroshye nka PEX byaguka kandi bigasezerana numuyoboro. Ihinduka rigabanya ibyago byo guturika imiyoboro kandi bigabanya ingingo ziva. Guhuza bike bisobanura amahirwe make yo gutsindwa. Ibikoresho byo kunyerera kandi birwanya ibibazo bisanzwe nko gukura kw'imitsi no gutera imiti, akenshi bitera ibikoresho gakondo kunanirwa mubihe bikonje.

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Nordic Byerekanwe: Imikorere nibyiza

Ubwubatsi bwubukonje bukabije: Ibikoresho nibiranga Ibishushanyo

Ba injeniyeri ba Nordic bahitamo ibikoresho bigezweho byo kunyerera kugirango barebe imikorere mubihe bikonje. Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) hamwe na polyethylene ihuza (PEX) ni amahitamo rusange. PPSU irwanya guturika no gutera imiti, ndetse no ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -40 ° C. PEX itanga guhinduka, kwemerera imiyoboro hamwe nibikoresho bigenda hamwe mugihe cyo kwaguka no kwikuramo. Ibi bikoresho ntibishobora gucika mubukonje bukabije, birinda kunanirwa gutunguranye.

Ibishushanyo mbonera nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Ibikoresho byo kunyerera ukoresha akaboko cyangwa umukufi ugenda uhuza umuyoboro. Igishushanyo gikurura ingendo iterwa nihinduka ryubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bikora kashe ifunze, irinda kumeneka nubwo imiyoboro ihinduka. Ba injeniyeri bagabanya umubare wibice muri sisitemu, bigabanya ibyago byo kumeneka kandi byoroshye kwishyiriraho.

Icyitonderwa: Gukomatanya ibikoresho byoroshye hamwe nubushushanyo bwubwenge butuma ibikoresho byo kunyerera biruta ibyuma gakondo cyangwa ibyuma bya pulasitiki bikaze mubihe bya Nordic.

Uburyo bwo kwirwanaho bwa Freeze-Thaw

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera birinda sisitemu y'amazi kwangirika gukonjesha mu kwemerera kugenda. Iyo amazi akonje, araguka agashyiraho igitutu kumiyoboro. Ibikoresho gakondo birashobora gucika cyangwa gucika munsi yiyi mihangayiko. Ibikoresho byo kunyerera bigenda hamwe n'umuyoboro, bikurura imbaraga kandi birinda kwangirika.

Ibikoresho kandi birwanya ruswa hamwe nigitero cyimiti. Uku kurwanya ni ngombwa kuko umunyu wo mumuhanda nindi miti ikunze kwinjira mumazi mugihe cyitumba. Ihuriro ryizewe, ridashobora kumeneka ririnda amazi guhunga, bigabanya ibyago byo kuba urubura rwinjira imbere murukuta cyangwa urufatiro.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyiriraho burashimangira kwirwanaho gukonjesha. Ihuriro rito risobanura ingingo nkeya. Sisitemu ikomeza gukomera, nubwo nyuma yizuba ryinshi.

Kuramba, kwizerwa, hamwe nigiciro-cyiza mubihe bibi

Sisitemu y'amazi mu turere twa Nordic isaba ibyuma bimara igihe. Ibikoresho byo kunyerera byujuje ibi bikenewe mugutanga:

• Kuramba cyane kurwanya ubukonje, kwangirika, no kwangiza imiti.
• Gusana gake nabasimbuye mugihe.
• Amafaranga yo kubungabunga make ugereranije nibikoresho bisanzwe.
• Ihuriro ryizewe, ridashobora kumeneka rigabanya kwangirika kwamazi.
• Kwishyiriraho byoroshye, bigabanya imirimo n'ibikoresho.

Izi nyungu zituma ibice byo kunyerera bishora imari muburyo bwa sisitemu y'amazi ihura n'imbeho ikabije.

Ibyukuri-Isi Porogaramu hamwe nubushakashatsi

Ba injeniyeri bagerageje kunyerera muri bimwe mubidukikije bikabije ku isi. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe bugaragaza imikorere yabo:

• Ibikoresho byo kunyerera bya PPSU byakozwe neza muri sisitemu yo mu kirere kuri -60 ° C, byerekana kuramba no guhinduka.
• Ubuvuzi bwa cryogenic bwakoresheje ibikoresho bya PPSU munsi ya -80 ° C, bikomeza imbaraga n'umutekano kubinyabuzima.
• Sisitemu yo gukonjesha inganda hamwe na ammonia yakoraga neza hamwe nibikoresho bya PPSU, kuzamura ingufu no kugabanya kubungabunga.
• Ibigo bya peteroli na gaze byakoresheje ibikoresho bya PPSU mubikoresho byo mu nyanja, aho byihanganiye ubushyuhe bukonje n’imiti ikaze.

Izi ngero zerekana ko ibikoresho byo kunyerera bidakora muri sisitemu y’amazi gusa ahubwo no mu gusaba inganda n’ubumenyi. Ibyerekanwe neza mubukonje bukabije bituma bahitamo kwizerwa kubikorwa remezo byamazi ya Nordic.

Ibikoresho bya Nordic byubatswe bitanga uburinzi butagereranywa nagaciro mubukonje bukabije. Amakomine yo muri Kanada avuga ko yananiwe bike hamwe nigiciro cyo kubungabunga bitewe nibikoresho byoroshye. Mu Buyapani no muri Aziya ya pasifika, abajenjeri bagenda bahitamo imiyoboro yoroheje, idashobora kwangirika kwikirere gikonje. Izi nzira zigaragaza uruhare rukomeye rwibikoresho bigezweho mu kurinda sisitemu y’amazi.

Ibibazo

Niki gituma ibikoresho byo kunyerera bikwiranye n'imbeho ikabije?

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera bikoresha ibikoresho byoroshye. Ibi bikoresho bituma imiyoboro igenda mugihe cyimihindagurikire yubushyuhe. Igishushanyo kirinda gucika no gutemba mubihe bikonje.

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera birashobora gushyirwaho muri sisitemu y'amazi ariho?

Yego. Ba injeniyeri barashobora guhindura ibice byo kunyerera muri sisitemu nyinshi zihari. Inzira isaba ibikoresho bike kandi bitera guhungabana gake kubitangwa namazi.

Nigute kunyerera bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga?

Ibikoresho byo kunyerera birwanya ruswa kandi bitemba. Birakenewe gusanwa no gusimburwa. Sisitemu y'amazi ikomeza kwizerwa mugihe kirekire.