Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibikoresho bya sisitemu yawe

Kanda ibikoreshoGira uruhare runini mugushinga sisitemu nziza kandi yizewe. Guhitamo ibikoresho bitari byo bishobora kugutera ibibazo bikomeye, harimo kumeneka, kunanirwa kwa sisitemu, no gusana bihenze. Kurugero, ibikoresho bidahuye nibisobanuro bya sisitemu birashobora guhinduka cyangwa kunanirwa gufunga neza, bigatera kumeneka. Byongeye kandi, kwishyiriraho nabi cyangwa ibintu bidahuye muri sisitemu ya PEX akenshi bivamo kunanirwa gukabije. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka byerekana akamaro ko guhitamo ibikwiye kugirango ukore igihe kirekire.

Ibyingenzi

• Tora ibikoresho byo gukanda bikora neza hamwe nibikoresho. Ibi bihagarika kumeneka kandi bigatuma sisitemu ikora neza.
• Menya neza ko ingano ikwiranye nubunini bwa pipe. Imbere yimbere igomba guhuza hanze yumuyoboro.
• Reba ibyemezo byizewe nka ASTM F1960. Ibi birerekana ko ariubuziranengeno kubahiriza amategeko yinganda.

Gusobanukirwa Ibikoresho

Incamake y'ibikoresho byo gutangaza amakuru

Ibikoresho byo mu binyamakuru byahinduye sisitemu yo kuvoma no kuvoma itanga ubundi buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze muburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhuza nko kugurisha cyangwa guhuza. Ibi bikoresho bifashisha imashini ikora imashini itekanye, idashobora kumeneka hagati yimiyoboro. Nabonye ko gukundwa kwabo kwiyongera bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha nubushobozi bwo kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyiriraho.

Kugira ngo twumve ubwihindurize, reka turebe amakuru yamateka:

Aya makuru yerekana iterambere rihamye no guhanga udushya mu bikoresho byifashishwa mu binyamakuru mu myaka yashize, bikabagira urufatiro rwa sisitemu ya kijyambere.

Ubwoko bw'Ibikoresho

Ibikoresho byo gukanda biza muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu zihariye. Amahitamo asanzwe arimo umuringa, ibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe nibikoresho bya PEX. Ibikoresho byo mu muringa nibyiza kuri sisitemu y’amazi meza, mugihe ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kugirango ikoreshwe mu nganda. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho bya PEX biremereye kandi byoroshye, bituma biba byiza byo guturamo.

Porogaramu muri Plumbing na Piping Sisitemu

Ibikoresho byo gukanda biratandukanye kandi ushake porogaramu muri sisitemu yo guturamo, iy'ubucuruzi, n'inganda. Nabonye zikoreshwa mumirongo itanga amazi, sisitemu yo gushyushya, ndetse no gukwirakwiza gazi. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana numuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe butuma biba ingenzi muri sisitemu zikomeye.

Inama: Buri gihe hitamo ibyuma bikanda ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye bya sisitemu kugirango umenye neza imikorere.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma

Guhuza Ibikoresho

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukanda ni ngombwa kugirango imikorere ya sisitemu. Buri gihe nemeza ko ibikoresho bihuye nibisabwa. Kurugero,imiringa n'umuringakora neza muri sisitemu y'amazi meza, mugihe ibyuma bidafite ingese nibyiza mubidukikije kubera kurwanya ruswa. Kudahuza mubintu bishobora kuganisha kumiti, kugabanya isano mugihe.

Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bintu byerekana akamaro ko guhuza muri sisitemu y’umuvuduko ukabije. Kurugero, ibikoresho byageragejwe mugihe cyamazi ya ogisijeni yerekanaga ibyiyumvo byiyongera uko umuvuduko wazamutse. Ibi bishimangira icyifuzo cyo guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imiterere yihariye ya sisitemu.

Inama: Buri gihe ugenzure ibikoresho bihuye nibitemba nibidukikije bya sisitemu.

Ingano nyayo kandi ikwiye

Ingano nyayo itanga umutekano kandi utemba. Namenye ko diameter y'imbere (ID) ibereye igomba guhuza diameter yo hanze (OD) y'umuyoboro. Kurugero, umuyoboro wa 20mm OD bisaba guhuza nindangamuntu ya 20mm. Gukoresha ingano idahuye birashobora kuvamo guhuza cyangwa kwangirika mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.

Ingano isanzwe kubikoresho byo gukanda biri hagati ya 15mm na 54mm kumuringa nicyuma. Buri gihe upime witonze kandi ugenzure kabiri ibisobanuro mbere yo kugura.

• Menya neza indangamuntu ikwiranye na OD ya pipe.
• Ingano isanzwe irimo 3/8 santimetero kugeza kuri 1 kuri PEX tubing.
• Koresha Caliper cyangwa igikoresho kinini kugirango upime neza.

Icyitonderwa: Ingano itari yo ni imwe mu mpamvu zitera sisitemu kunanirwa kwishyiriraho amazi.

Impamyabumenyi

Impamyabumenyi iremeza ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibikoresho byamakuru hamwe ninganda zinganda. Buri gihe nshakisha ibikoresho byujuje ibyemezo byemewe nka ASTM F1960 cyangwa ISO 9001: 2015. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ko ibikoresho byakorewe ibizamini bikomeye ku mutekano no gukora.

Impamyabumenyi zimwe zingenzi zirimo:

• ASTM (Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho): Yemeza ibipimo bya tekiniki kubikoresho nibicuruzwa.
• ISO 9001: 2015: Kugenzura sisitemu ihamye yo gucunga neza.
• API Q1 Igitabo cya 10: Yibanze ku gucunga ibyago no kwizerwa kubicuruzwa.

Inama: Reba kodegisi yinyubako kugirango umenye neza niba ibyangombwa byujuje ibisabwa mukarere.

Ibidukikije

Ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe n’imiti bishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yibikoresho. Buri gihe nsuzuma ibidukikije byubaka mbere yo guhitamo fitingi. Kurugero, ibyuma bidafite ingese bikora neza mubidukikije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ugereranije n'umuringa cyangwa umuringa.

Amashyirahamwe nka REACH na AGORA atanga isuzuma ryibyago kugirango bifashe kumenya ibibazo by ibidukikije. Ubu bushakashatsi bushimangira akamaro ko guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ibihe byihariye, nkubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imiti y’imiti.

• Reba ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya sisitemu.
• Suzuma ubushobozi bwo guhura nimiti cyangwa ruswa.
• Koresha fitingi hamwe nugukingira kurinda ibidukikije bikaze.

Kuramba no kuramba

Kuramba nikintu cyingenzi mukugabanya kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibiciro. Nshyize imbere ibikoresho bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na stress ya mashini. Kurugero, ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga kuramba cyane mubikorwa byinganda, mugihe ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa bikwiranye n’amazi yo guturamo.

Inama: Gushora mubikoresho biramba bigabanya ibyago byo kunanirwa na sisitemu kandi byemeza igihe kirekire.

Igiciro na Kuzigama Igihe kirekire

Mugihe ikiguzi ari ikintu cyingenzi, buri gihe ndagipima kubitsa igihe kirekire. Ibikoresho bihendutse birashobora kuzigama amafaranga imbere ariko birashobora gutuma habaho kubungabunga no gusana amafaranga menshi. Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byujuje ubuziranenge, nubwo bihenze, akenshi bitanga imikorere myiza kandi biramba, bigabanya amafaranga muri rusange mugihe.

Kurugero, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora kuba bifite igiciro cyambere cyambere ariko bigatanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kwambara, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikorwa byinganda.

Icyitonderwa: Reba igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite, harimo kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, no gusana.

Kuborohereza

Kuborohereza kwishyiriraho birashobora guhindura cyane igihe cyumushinga nigiciro cyakazi. Nkunda ibikoresho byo gukanda kuko bivanaho gukenera kugurisha cyangwa gutondeka, kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabakoresha cyemerera guhuza byihuse kandi bifite umutekano, ndetse no mumwanya muto.

• Koresha ibikoresho bikwiye nkimashini zikanda kubisubizo bihamye.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe kugirango wirinde amakosa yo kwishyiriraho.
• Menya neza ko imiyoboro isukuye kandi idafite imyanda mbere yo gukanda.

Inama: Imyitozo yo kwishyiriraho neza itezimbere imikorere no kuramba byimashini.

Amakosa Rusange yo Kwirinda

Kwirengagiza guhuza ibikoresho

Guhuza ibikoresho ni kimwe mubintu byingenzi mugushiraho ibikoresho. Nabonye ubwanjye uburyo kwirengagiza iyi ngingo bishobora kuganisha ku ngaruka mbi. Kurugero, guhuza ibyuma byuma bidafite ibyuma hamwe nimiyoboro yicyuma idahuye akenshi bivamo kumeneka no kwangirika. Ibi bibazo ntabwo bibangamira imikorere ya sisitemu gusa ahubwo byongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

Ababikora batanga ibisobanuro birambuye kugirango bayobore guhitamo ibikoresho. Ariko, abayishiraho benshi birengagiza aya mabwiriza, biganisha ku kunanirwa gukumirwa.

• Kugenzura niba ubwuzuzanye hagati yimashini n'ibikoresho bya pipe ari ngombwa.
• Kwangirika no kumeneka bikunze kubaho mugihe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bidahuye.
• Abakora ibicuruzwa bagaragaza ibikoresho bikorana neza.

Inama: Buri gihe ugenzure ibintu bifatika hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu n'ibidukikije kugirango wirinde gusanwa bihenze.

Ingano itari yo cyangwa ikwiye

Gukoresha ubunini butari bwo gukanda ni ikosa risanzwe rishobora kubangamira sisitemu yose. Nabonye ibihe aho ingano idahuye yateje imiyoboro irekuye, biganisha kumeneka no kudakora neza. Amahugurwa akwiye no kwitondera amakuru arambuye ni ngombwa kugirango twirinde amakosa nkaya.

Bimwe mubibazo bikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Amahugurwa adahagije, biganisha ku gufata ibyemezo bidakwiye.
• Gutegura imiyoboro idahagije, nko gukata cyangwa imyanda itaringaniye, bigira ingaruka nziza.
• Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho, aho ingano idakwiye ikoreshwa kuri sisitemu yihariye.

Icyitonderwa: Buri gihe upime diameter yinyuma yumuyoboro hanyuma uyihuze na diameter yimbere. Kugenzura inshuro ebyiri ibisobanuro kugirango umenye neza umutekano kandi utemba.

Gukoresha Ibikoresho bidakwiye

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho bigira uruhare runini mugutsindira ibikoresho. Nahuye nibibazo aho ibikoresho bidakwiye byateje imiyoboro ituzuye cyangwa byangiza fitingi. Kurugero, gukoresha imashini zamakuru zidakurikiranwa akenshi bivamo kashe idakomeye kunanirwa nigitutu.

Inama: Buri gihe ukoreshe ibikoresho byasabwe nababikoze kandi urebe ko byahinduwe neza mbere yo gutangira inzira yo kwishyiriraho.

Kwirengagiza Umuvuduko nubushyuhe busabwa

Sisitemu yose ikwiranye na sisitemu ikora mubitutu byihariye n'ubushyuhe. Kwirengagiza ibipimo bishobora kuganisha ku gutsindwa gukabije. Nabonye sisitemu yananiwe kubera ko fitingi idashobora kwihanganira imikorere yimikorere, bikavamo kumeneka nigihe gito.

Kugira ngo wirinde iri kosa:

• Suzuma umuvuduko ntarengwa wa sisitemu n'ibisabwa ubushyuhe.
• Hitamo ibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango ukemure ibi bintu.
• Baza amabwiriza yakozwe n'ababikora kugirango umenye neza ibidukikije bikora.

Icyitonderwa: Guhitamo ibikoresho birenze ibyo sisitemu itanga byongeyeho urwego rwumutekano no kwizerwa.

Gusiba Intambwe zo Gutegura Intambwe

Gutegura neza imiyoboro nintambwe abayishiraho benshi bakunda kwihuta cyangwa gusimbuka burundu. Ariko, namenye ko iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro kugirango habeho guhuza umutekano. Imiyoboro idasukuwe cyangwa igabanijwe neza irashobora guhungabanya ubusugire bukwiye.

Intambwe zingenzi zitegura zirimo:

• Kwoza umuyoboro kugirango ukureho imyanda n'ibihumanya.
• Kugenzura niba umuyoboro waciwe neza kugirango habeho ubuso bunoze kugirango bukwiranye.
• Kugenzura umuyoboro ibyangiritse cyangwa ibitagenda neza mbere yo kwishyiriraho.

Inama: Gufata umwanya wo gutegura umuyoboro neza birashobora kugukiza guhangana nibisohoka hamwe na sisitemu idahwitse nyuma.

Kwirengagiza Amabwiriza Yabakora

Amabwiriza yinganda abaho kubwimpamvu - yemeza gukoresha neza kandi neza ibikoresho byamakuru. Nabonye imishinga inanirwa kuko abayishizeho birengagije ibi byifuzo, biganisha ku guhuza intege nke no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu.

Inama: Buri gihe soma kandi ukurikize amabwiriza yabakozwe kugirango wemeze kwishyiriraho neza no gukora igihe kirekire.

Guhitamo ibinyamakuru bikwiye byerekana sisitemu yo kwizerwa no gukora neza. Buri gihe nshimangira akamaro ko guhuza ibintu, ingano nyayo, no kubahiriza ibyemezo. Ibidukikije nabyo bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa.

• Guhuza ibikoresho nibikoresho nubunini birinda kumeneka kandi byemeza guhuza umutekano.
• Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byongera sisitemu yo kuramba no kugabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga.
• Byoroshye-kubona-ibikoresho byoroshya kubungabunga buri gihe, kugabanya igihe cyo hasi.

Kwirinda amakosa asanzwe, nkubunini budakwiye cyangwa gusimbuka intambwe yo kwitegura, ningirakamaro. Mugushira imbere ibikoresho byiza byamakuru, urashobora kugera kubikorwa byigihe kirekire namahoro yo mumutima.

Ibibazo

Nibihe bikoresho nkeneye gushiraho ibikoresho byo gukanda?

Uzakenera imashini ikanda, ibikoresho bya kalibrasi, nibikoresho byo gutegura imiyoboro. Ibi bikoresho byemeza guhuza umutekano no gukumira amakosa yo kwishyiriraho.

Nigute nshobora kugenzura niba ibikoresho byamakuru byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda?

Reba ibyemezo nka ASTM F1960 cyangwa ISO 9001: 2015. Ibi byemeza ubuziranenge no kubahiriza umutekano nibisabwa.

Ibikoresho byo gukanda birashobora gukemura ubushyuhe bukabije?

Nibyo, ariko biterwa nibikoresho. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikora neza mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mugihe ibikoresho bya PEX bikwiranye nuburyo buringaniye.