Ibikoresho byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU)hindura imiyoboro yisuku hamwe numutekano urenze kandi urambye. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubuzima bwumurimo byibuze imyaka 50, birwanya ruswa, kandi byubahiriza amazi meza yo kunywa. Kwiyubaka bifata igice cyigihe ugereranije na sisitemu yumuringa, kugabanya ibiciro nibisabwa nakazi.
Ibyingenzi
- PPSU Byihuse kandi byoroshye bitanga umutekano murwego rwo hejuru kandi biramba, bimara imyaka irenga 50 nta kwangirika cyangwa kurekura ibintu byangiza, bigatuma biba byiza mumiyoboro yisuku.
- Ibi bikoreshoshyiramo vuba cyanekuruta sisitemu yicyuma gakondo, kugabanya igihe cyakazi nigiciro hamwe nuburyo bworoshye, butagira ibikoresho umuntu wese ashobora gukora.
- Guhitamo ibikoresho bya PPSU bigabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga no gukoresha muri rusange, gutanga amafaranga yo kuzigama igihe kirekire no gufasha abanyamwuga kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’isuku n’umutekano.
Inzitizi mu Gutunganya Isuku no Guhindura Byihuse kandi Byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU)
Imipaka yumuringa nicyuma
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu muringa n’ibyuma bimaze igihe kinini mu miyoboro y’isuku, ariko ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ibitagenda neza. Ibikoresho by'umuringa, cyane cyane birimo isasu, akenshi birananirana kubera kwangirika no kuroba. Ndetse iyo byemejwe, ibyo bikoresho birashobora kurekura ibintu byangiza mumazi, cyane cyane munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa mugihe kwishyiriraho bisize ibisigazwa byangirika. Kwangirika ntigabanya gusa igihe cyo gukora ibyuma gusa ahubwo binongera ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga hamwe ningaruka zo gukura kwa bagiteri. Ibi bibazo byatumye inzego zishinzwe kugenzura gukaza umurongo ngenderwaho, bituma inganda zishakisha ubundi buryo bwiza.
Ibikoresho gakondo byuma, cyane cyane bifite isasu, bigenda bisuzumwa nkuko amabwiriza nkaya mabwiriza y’ibihugu by’Uburayi agabanya imipaka yemewe.
Kuzamuka kw'isuku n'umutekano
Kumenyekanisha indwara ziterwa n’amazi n’ingaruka zanduye byatumye hakenerwa isuku inoze muri sisitemu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko n'amazi meza atari ko buri gihe yemeza umutekano wa mikorobi. Gutanga rimwe na rimwe, kubika nabi, no gutakaza umuvuduko wumuyoboro urashobora kwemerera abanduye kwinjira muri sisitemu. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ibigo nderabuzima byinshi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikennye kandi biciriritse, bidafite ibikorwa remezo bihagije by’isuku. Igikorwa cyo kugenzura, kwishora mu buyobozi, hamwe n’ibikoresho byabigenewe byabaye ngombwa mu kuzamura ibipimo by’isuku.
| Umwaka w'ubushakashatsi | Urwego | Ibisubizo by'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| 2011-2019 | NINDE HHSAF, WASH | Ibikorwa bigenga ubuyobozi nubuyobozi bitera amahame yisuku yo hejuru; icyuho gikomeza mumikoro make. |
Gushakisha Kumara igihe kirekire, Ibisubizo byizewe
Ababigize umwuga ubu bashyira imbere ibisubizo bitanga igihe kirekire, umutekano, no kubahiriza. Inzitizi zihoraho zirimo gukora biofilm, kwangirika kubintu byogukora isuku, hamwe nikosa ryabantu mugihe cyo kubungabunga. Isesengura ry’isoko ryerekana iterambere rikomeye rya sisitemu yizewe yizewe, cyane cyane irwanya iyangirika ryimiti kandi ikomeza ubunyangamugayo mumyaka mirongo.Byihuse kandi byoroshye.
Ibyiza bya PPSU Byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU)
Imbaraga za mashini na chimique
PPSU yerekana imbaraga zidasanzwe za mashini na chimique, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byatoranijwe byo gusaba imiyoboro. Abashakashatsi basanze PPSU iruta izindi plastiki z’ubuhanga nka polysulfone na polyimide haba mu kurwanya ingaruka ndetse no gutuza imiti. Izi mbaraga zituruka kumiterere yihariye ya molekile, ikubiyemo tetramethylbiphenol moieties. Ibiranga imiterere byongera ubwisanzure nubunini bwurwego rwa polymer, byongera imitwaro yo gutwara gaze hamwe nubukanishi.
- PPSU ikomeza kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no guhagarara neza, kabone niyo haba hakomeje guhangayika.
- Ibikoresho birwanya imishwarara, alkalis, na acide nkeya, bikunze kugaragara mubidukikije.
- PPSU ikomeye ya polymer matrix ishyigikira ubwinshi bwimikorere hamwe na coefficient ya sorption ya gaze nka CO2, byerekana ko imiti ihagaze neza.
Ababikora akenshi bahitamo PPSU kubikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho byamazi ashyushye, aho byombi biramba kandi birwanya imiti.Byihuse kandi byoroshye(Ibikoresho bya PPSU) koresha iyi mitungo kugirango utange imikorere yizewe mubidukikije bisaba imbaraga no kwihangana.
Umutekano wemejwe no kubahiriza amabwiriza
Umutekano no kubahiriza bikomeje kuba ibyambere muri sisitemu zigezweho. Ibikoresho bya PPSU byageze ku byemezo byinshi byingenzi, byemeza ko bikwiranye nibisabwa bikomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ibyemezo byingenzi nubuziranenge byujujwe nibikoresho bya PPSU:
| Icyemezo / Bisanzwe | Ibisobanuro na Imiterere |
|---|---|
| Urutonde rwa UL (UL 1821) | Kugerwaho kubintu byihariye bya PPSU-PEX bikwiranye |
| FM Isi yose | Byemejwe kubikorwa byangiritse; ibizamini byuzuye byumuriro bitegereje |
| NFPA 13 | Irasaba uruhushya rwihariye kuri sisitemu itari ibyuma |
| Ibipimo by’iburayi EN 12845 | Uruhushya rwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya PPSU muri sisitemu yabanjirije ibikorwa |
| DIN 14800 Kwipimisha | Yanyuze mu ruganda rukora amamodoka yo gukoresha sisitemu ya ESFR |
Izi mpamyabumenyi zerekana ko ibikoresho bya PPSU byujuje umutekano muke nibisabwa. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura muri Amerika ndetse n’Uburayi zemera ko PPSU yizewe mu kurinda umuriro no gukoresha amazi yo kunywa. Ibikoresho byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU) bifasha abanyamwuga kwemeza kubahiriza amahame agenda ahinduka, kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nibibazo no gushyigikira ubuzima rusange.
Kurwanya ruswa no kuramba
Ruswa ikomeje guhangayikishwa cyane na sisitemu gakondo, akenshi biganisha kumeneka, kwanduza, no gusana bihenze. Imiterere ya chimique ya PPSU itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kurwanya ruswa, kabone niyo ihura n’ibikoresho byogusukura bikabije cyangwa ihindagurika ry’amazi. Ibizamini bya laboratoire byemeza ko ibikoresho bya PPSU bigumana imiterere yubutaka bwa chimie hamwe nubukanishi mugihe kinini.
| Ikizamini / Igipimo | Ibisobanuro | Ibisubizo Byibanze Bishyigikira Kuramba kwa PPSU |
|---|---|---|
| Ibikoresho bya XPS (Carbone & Oxygene) | Yapimwe muminsi 212 hanyuma ikoherezwa muminsi 417 munsi yumwuka wumwijima numwijima | Ibirimo bya karubone na ogisijeni byahinduwe na ~ 1 atom% gusa kuva muminsi 212 kugeza 417, byerekana imiterere ya chimie ntoya ihinduka mugihe |
| Ikwirakwizwa rya Carbone (C = O, (C = O) –O, C - S, C - C) | Isesengura mubihe bitandukanye byo kuvura plasma | Ibicuruzwa bya Oxidation byakozwe kandi bigahinduka; ibintu bikaze bya plasma bisabwa kugirango habeho urunigi; Ubuso bwa okiside buguma buhamye hamwe nimpinduka nkeya mugihe |
| Ubushuhe (Twandikire Inguni) | Inguni zo guhuza zapimwe kuri plasma zavuwe kandi zitavuwe | Plasma ivura PPSU yerekana ubushuhe bwinshi (ibitonyanga byinjira vuba), byerekana ihinduka rihamye; hydrophobic reference sample yari ifite inguni ~ 130 ° |
| Igihe Extrapolation yubuso bwiza | Ibirimo bya karubone na ogisijeni bihujwe no gukwirakwiza kandi bigashyirwa mu masaha 10,000 (iminsi 417) | Imiterere yubuso igabanuka muburyo bwa logarithmique ariko byafata imyaka ibihumbi magana kugirango bisubire inyuma, byerekana igihe kirekire mubuzima buteganijwe |
Ibisubizo byerekana ko ibikoresho bya PPSU birwanya kwangirika kwimiti nu mubiri, bigatuma ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire. Ibikoresho bihagaze neza mubibazo bya okiside nibidukikije bivuze ko Byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU) bishobora gutanga imikorere yizewe mumyaka mirongo, kabone niyo haba mubihe bigoye.
PPSU n'ibikoresho gakondo
PPSU itanga ibyiza byinshi kubikoresho gakondo nk'umuringa n'umuringa. Mugihe ibyuma bifata ibyuma akenshi byangirika, kurigata, hamwe na biofilm, PPSU ikomeza kuba inert kandi ihamye. Ingingo zikurikira zerekana itandukaniro ryingenzi:
- PPSU ntishobora kubora cyangwa kurekura ibintu byangiza mumazi, ishyigikira amahame yisuku yo hejuru.
- Ibikoresho birwanya guhindagurika no guhura nogukora isuku, bitandukanye nibyuma bishobora gutesha agaciro cyangwa gucukura mugihe runaka.
- Ibikoresho bya PPSU bikomeza uburinganire bwimiterere nubuso bwimyaka myinshi, bigabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi.
Ababigize umwuga bahitamo PPSU bungukirwa na sisitemu yujuje ibyangombwa byumutekano bigezweho, biramba, nibisabwa nisuku. Ibikoresho byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU) bishyiraho ibipimo bishya byo kwizerwa, bifasha ibikoresho-bizaza-ibikorwa remezo byabo.
Kwinjiza nigiciro cyinyungu zo Kwihuta kandi Byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU)
Uburyo bwo Kwubaka
Abashiraho bungukirwa nakazi kihuse cyane mugihe ukoreshaIbikoresho byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU). Ibi bikoresho ntibisaba kugurisha, gutondeka, cyangwa ibikoresho biremereye. Igikorwa cyo guterana ntigikoresho kandi kidasobanutse, cyemerera nabakozi badafite uburambe kugera kubufatanye bwizewe. Kurugero, imiyoboro ya metero 10 irashobora kurangira muminota 30 gusa hamwe nibikoresho bya PPSU, mugihe imiyoboro y'umuringa ifata isaha imwe. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana igihe cyo kugereranya:
| Ubwoko bwibikoresho | Igihe cyo Kwishyiriraho Ugereranije nicyuma |
|---|---|
| PPSU PEX | 60% byihuse |
| CPVC | 30% byihuse |
| Icyuma | Ibyingenzi |
Iyi mikorere igabanya igihe cyumushinga kandi igabanya guhungabana haba mubwubatsi bushya no kuvugurura.
Ibiciro by'umurimo wo hasi no gufata neza
Sisitemu ya PPSU itanga ubwizigame bukomeye mubuzima bwabo.
- Igiciro cyubuzima bwibikoresho bya PPSU PEX ni $ 8.20 kumaguru, munsi yicyuma kumadorari 12.50 kumaguru.
- Amakuru yumurima yerekana kugabanuka kwa 40% mubikorwa byo kubungabunga ugereranije nicyuma.
- Igihe cyo kwishyiriraho cyihuta 60% kuruta ibyuma, bigabanya ibiciro byakazi.
- Ibikoresho bya PPSU birwanya ruswa, bityo kubungabunga bijyanye no kumeneka cyangwa igipimo ni gake.
- Ba nyiri amazu bazigama hagati y $ 500 na $ 1.000 mumyaka 20 kubera gusimburwa no gusana bike.
Uku kuzigama gutuma sisitemu ya PPSU ishoramari ryubwenge haba mubikorwa byubucuruzi n’imiturire.
Agaciro gafatika kubanyamwuga
Ababigize umwuga bahitamo ibikoresho bya PPSU kubikorwa byabo byagaragaye kandi bihindagurika.
| Ibikorwa | Ibisobanuro & Ibipimo |
|---|---|
| Kugumana igitutu | Akabari 16 kuri 23 ° C, akabari 10 kuri 80 ° C. |
| Kuramba | Kurenza imyaka 20 mumazi ashyushye, imyaka 50+ hamwe nogushiraho neza |
| Ibiciro | <0.01 × DN mm / min, yujuje ibipimo bya API 598 |
| Gukora neza | Iteraniro ridafite ibikoresho, 50% byihuse kuruta umuringa |
| Guhuza | Gukorana na PEX, CPVC, n'imiyoboro y'icyuma |
| Kubungabunga | Nta muti wa ruswa ukenewe, gukuraho igipimo cyoroshye |
| Ikiguzi-Cyiza | 30-40% igiciro cyambere cyambere kuruta umuringa, kuzigama ingufu za 5-10% |
Stephan Müller, impuguke ikomeye, avuga ko imbaraga za PPSU zikomeye, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bituma biba byiza kuri sisitemu y’amazi meza. Ababigize umwuga bunguka amahirwe yo guhatanira gutanga ibisubizo bitekanye, biramba, kandi bidahenze cyane.
Ibikoresho byihuse kandi byoroshye (Ibikoresho bya PPSU) bizamura umurongo wo kuvoma isuku. Batanga umutekano utagereranywa, kuramba kuramba, no kwishyiriraho byoroshye. Abanyamwuga benshi ubu bahitamo ibyo bikoresho kugirango bujuje amahame akomeye. Amakipe atekereza imbere yishingikiriza kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma ejo hazaza kandi ikemeza imikorere yizewe.
Ibibazo
Niki gituma ibikoresho bya PPSU bikwiranye na sisitemu yo kunywa?
Ibikoresho bya PPSU birwanya ruswa kandi ntibisohora ibintu byangiza. Zujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’amazi meza n’isuku.
Abanyamwuga barashobora gushiraho PPSU byihuse kandi byoroshye bidafite ibikoresho byihariye?
Yego. Abashiraho barashoboraguhuza ibikoresho bya PPSU n'intoki. Inzira ntisaba kugurisha, gutondeka, cyangwa ibikoresho biremereye.
Mugihe kingana iki PPSU yihuse kandi yoroshye kumara porogaramu isanzwe?
Ibikoresho byinshi bya PPSU bitanga ubuzima bwimyaka 50 cyangwa irenga, kabone niyo byaba bikenewe. Igenzura risanzwe rifasha kwemeza imikorere myiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-26-2025