Zeru-Leak Yemejwe: Ibikoresho-Bidafite Ububiko bwa sisitemu yo kunywa yo mu Bwongereza

Isonga mu mazi yo kunywa itera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima, cyane cyane ku bana. Ihuriro ry’ubuzima rusange bw’Ubwongereza riyobora guhura na defisite ya neurodevelopmental deficits hamwe n’imyitwarire idahwitse.Ibikoresho bya Valvebikozwe mubikoresho bidafite isasu bifasha kwirinda kwanduza. Ibicuruzwa byemewe bitanga amazi meza kandi birinda abaturage batishoboye ingaruka mbi.

Ibyingenzi

• Ibikoresho byemewe bidafite isuku, kimwe n’ibyemewe na WRAS, byemeza amazi meza yo kwirinda kwirinda kwanduza no kubahiriza ibipimo by’ubuzima by’Ubwongereza.
• Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza nkumuringa wa DZR, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa plastiki yemewe byongera uburebure bwa valve kandi bikarinda ubwiza bwamazi mugihe.
• Kugenzura buri gihe no gufata neza ibikoresho bya valve bifasha kwirinda kumeneka no kwangirika, kongera ubuzima bwa sisitemu no kurengera ubuzima rusange.

Icyemezo n'umutekano by'ibikoresho bya Valve

Icyemezo cya WRAS hamwe n’Ubwongereza Amazi yo Kunywa

Icyemezo cya WRAS ni igipimo cyumutekano no kubahiriza sisitemu yo kunywa yo mu Bwongereza. Gahunda ngishwanama y’amazi (WRAS) yemeza ko ibikoresho bya valve byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango ubuzima bwabaturage bube. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bidafite uburozi kandi bifite umutekano kumazi meza, birinda kwanduza kuri buri cyiciro. Ababikora bashushanya indangagaciro zo kurwanya ruswa no kwangirika, bakemeza ko bizerwa igihe kirekire. Kubahiriza Amabwiriza yo Gutanga Amazi yo mu Bwongereza (Amazi meza) akomeje kuba itegeko kubikorwa byose.

Ibikoresho byemewe bya WRAS bigomba kuba byujuje ibintu byinshi byingenzi:

• Gukoresha ibikoresho bifite umutekano, bidafite uburozi bikwiranye namazi yo kunywa
• Imashini ikwiranye no kurwanya ruswa
• Ingano ikwiye kugirango ihuze imiyoboro n'ibisabwa
• Ibipimo byubushyuhe nubushyuhe bujyanye na sisitemu ikenewe
• Ubwoko bwihuza bwubwoko, nka BSP yometseho cyangwa compression
• Kugenzura ibyemezo bya WRAS mbere yo kwishyiriraho

Ibikoresho bya Valve byujuje ibi bipimo bifasha kubungabunga ubwiza bwamazi nuburinganire bwa sisitemu. Igishushanyo n'ibikoresho ntibigomba kubyitwaramo n'amazi cyangwa gutobora ibintu byangiza. Icyemezo cya WRAS gitanga ibyiringiro ko ibicuruzwa bitazahungabanya umutekano w’amazi cyangwa kwiringirwa.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byisi yose kubikoresho bya Valve

Ibikoresho bya Valve bikoreshwa muri sisitemu y’amazi yo kunywa bigomba akenshi kubahiriza ibipimo byigihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Impamyabumenyi nyinshi zemewe ku isi zemeza umutekano w’ibicuruzwa n’imikorere mu turere dutandukanye. Muri byo harimo:

• Ikimenyetso cy’amazi ya Kiwa (Ubuholandi): Icyemezo cyibicuruzwa bihuye n’amazi yo kunywa
• NSF (Amerika y'Amajyaruguru): Icyemezo cyo gukoresha amazi n'ibikoresho bifata amazi yo kunywa
• WRAS (Ubwongereza): Icyemezo cyo kubahiriza amabwiriza y’amazi yo mu Bwongereza
• DVGW-W270 (Ubudage): Icyemezo kirimo gupima imikurire ya bagiteri
• ACS (Ubufaransa): Icyemezo giteganijwe kubikoresho bihuye namazi yo kunywa
• WaterMark (Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande): Icyemezo giteganijwe ku miyoboro y'amazi n'amazi

Impamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga nka ISO, ASTM, ANSI / ASME, DIN, JIS, API, NSF, na DVGW ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bisabwa. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibipimo, ibikoresho, ibizamini, imikorere, n'umutekano. Impamyabumenyi yihariye y'Ubwongereza, harimo Ubuziranenge bw'Ubwongereza (BS) na Kitemark ya BSI, yibanda ku mabwiriza y'igihugu no ku ireme ry'ubuziranenge. BSI Kitemark izwi haba mu Bwongereza ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ishyigikira icyemezo cy’iburayi CE. Ibipimo by’Ubwongereza bikunze guhuza n’ibihugu by’i Burayi na ISO ariko bikagumana ibisabwa byihariye ku bikoresho bimwe. Icyemezo cya WRAS gishimangira kubahiriza amabwiriza yo gutanga amazi mu Bwongereza, kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga ndetse n’igihugu.

Niki Icyemezo gisobanura kubuzima no kubahiriza

Icyemezo cyibikoresho bya valve bigira uruhare runini mukubahiriza amategeko no kurengera ubuzima rusange. Icyemezo cya WRAS cyemeza ko indangagaciro zidahumanya amazi meza cyangwa ngo zite imyanda, zihuye n’amabwiriza yo gutanga amazi mu Bwongereza. Abatanga amazi bishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa byemewe na WRAS kugirango birinde ingaruka z’amategeko, nk'ihazabu cyangwa ubushinjacyaha. Indangantego zitemewe zirashobora gukurura umwanda, kunanirwa gukora, nibihano byemewe n'amategeko.

WRAS numubiri wemewe ugizwe nabatanga amazi yo mubwongereza. Bateza imbere kubahiriza Amabwiriza yo Gutanga Amazi (Amazi meza). Gukoresha ibikoresho byemewe na WRAS nuburyo bwizewe bwo kwerekana kubahiriza no kwirinda ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko.

Ibikoresho byemewe bya valve bifasha abatanga amazi kubungabunga umutekano no gukora neza. Icyemezo gishyigikira ubugenzuzi no kubahiriza, kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byinjira ku isoko. Ubu buryo burinda ubuzima rusange kandi bugashimangira ubusugire bw’amazi meza yo mu Bwongereza.

Guhitamo Isonga-Yubusa, Zeru-Zimeneka Ibikoresho

Akamaro k'ibikoresho bidafite isasu mu bikoresho bya Valve

Ibikoresho bidafite isasu bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuzima rusange. Amabwiriza y'Ubwongereza, harimo Amabwiriza yo Gutanga Amazi (Amazi meza) 1999, yashyizeho amahame akomeye y'ibikoresho bihura n'amazi yo kunywa. Ababikora bashushanya ibikoresho bya valve bakoresheje ibivangwa nkumuringa wa Dzincification-DZR), bigabanya ibiyobora bitarenze 0.25% kuburemere hejuru yubutaka. Ubu buryo bujyanye n’amabwiriza y’Ubwongereza n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, yemeza ko amazi yo kunywa akomeza kutagira umwanda. Umuringa wa DZR utanga igihe kirekire no kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma uhitamo uburyo bwiza bwamazi meza. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe na plastiki zigezweho nazo zitanga ubundi buryo butayobora, bufasha kubahiriza umutekano n'umutekano muremure.

Impanuro: Buri gihe ugenzure ibyemezo bya WRAS muguhitamo ibikoresho bya valve. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima n’umutekano mu Bwongereza ku bikoresho bikubiyemo ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho.

Ibikoresho Bisanzwe Bidafite Ubusa bikoreshwa mu Bwongereza Amazi yo Kunywa Amazi ya Valve:

• Dezincification-irwanya (DZR) umuringa
• Ibyuma bidafite ingese (icyiciro cya 304 na 316)
• Ibikoresho bya plastiki (nka PVC, PTFE, na polyurethane)

Ubwoko bwa Valve Ibikoresho byo Kunywa Amazi yo Kunywa

Ibikoresho bya Valve bikora imirimo itandukanye muri sisitemu yo kunywa yo mu Bwongereza. Guhitamo biterwa na porogaramu, kugenzura imigenzereze isabwa, no guhuza n'ibigize sisitemu. Ibikoresho bya Hose bigomba guhuza diameter ya hose kugirango birinde kumeneka no gukomeza amazi meza. Guhuza ibikoresho bikomeza kuba ngombwa, kuko bigira ingaruka kumutekano no kuramba.

Imibiri ya Valve irashobora gukoresha umuringa udafite isasu, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa plastiki ikomatanya. Ikidodo gikunze kugaragaramo NBR (Nitrile Buna Rubber) kumazi adafite aho abogamiye cyangwa EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) kugirango irwanye ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho byemewe nka PVC na polyurethane birasabwa kubutaka no guhuza, kurinda umutekano no kuramba.

Guhuza Ibikoresho no Kuramba

Guhuza ibikoresho bigira uruhare rutaziguye igihe cyo kubaho no kwizerwa bya valve. Ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa nicyuma bitanga imbaraga zo gukanika, ariko guhitamo nabi birashobora gukurura ibibazo bya ruswa. Umuringa urwanya Dezincification urwanya ruswa kandi ukomeza imbaraga, mugihe ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga imbaraga nziza usibye mubidukikije bya chloride, aho bishobora guterwa. Plastike nka PTFE itanga imiti idasanzwe kandi ikarinda kwangirika.

Ibikoresho bya Valve bipimisha cyane mubyemezo bya WRAS, harimo gusuzuma ibyumviro, ibizamini byo gukura kwa mikorobe, hamwe nisesengura ryibyuma. Ibi bizamini bigereranya imiterere-yimiterere yisi, byemeza ko ibikoresho bitagira ingaruka mbi kumiterere yamazi cyangwa kuramba kwa sisitemu. Abafatanyabikorwa ba OEM bashyigikira ababikora bafite ubuhanga bwa tekiniki, bafasha kugumana ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa mubuzima bwose.

Icyitonderwa: Igishushanyo cya Hybrid gihuza ibyuma na plastiki bitezimbere kuramba no gukora. Buri gihe ujye uzirikana chimie yihariye yamazi nibidukikije mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho.

Kwishyiriraho, Kubungabunga, no Kurinda Ruswa

Kwishyiriraho neza no kubungabunga buri gihe byongerera igihe cya fitingi ya valve no kwirinda kwangirika. Igenzura rya buri gihe rifasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare byo kwambara, ingese, cyangwa gutobora. Kugenzura kugaragara kumabara no kumeneka kashe yemeza uburinganire bwa sisitemu. Uburyo bwo gukora isuku burimo gukaraba imashini, ibikoresho bya shimi bifite umutekano, no koza amazi cyangwa umusemburo.

Abakoresha bakoresha ibifuniko byo gukingira kugirango bakingire valve ibihe bibi. Kugenzura ibidukikije nko kugenzura ubushuhe no kubika ubushyuhe bikomeza kugabanya ingaruka zo kwangirika. Gukoresha inhibitori ya ruswa-anodic, cathodic, ivanze, cyangwa ihindagurika - irinda indangagaciro mugihe cyo kubika no gukora. Kuvura hejuru nka epoxy, PTFE, polyamide, hamwe na polyurethane bitwikiriye byongera ruswa.

• Kugenzura buri gihe kubora, kwambara, no kumeneka
• Isuku no koza kugirango ukureho kubitsa
• Gukoresha ibifuniko birinda no kugenzura ibidukikije
• Gukoresha ibiyobora byangirika no gutwikira hejuru

Ibyago byo kwangirika byiyongera hamwe nigipimo gito cyo gutemba, gitera ibinini gutuza no gukora imyobo. Igipimo kinini cyo gutemba gishobora gutera isuri na cavitation. Ibikoresho bya Ceramic hamwe na polyurethane bitwikiriye kunoza izo ngaruka. Kwirinda no kugenzura imiterere bikomeza kuba ingenzi mu kongera igihe cya valve no kuvoma ubuzima muri sisitemu y'amazi yo kunywa.

Impamyabumenyi zemewe, ziyobowe na zeru, zeru-zuzuye zirengera ubuzima rusange, zunganira umutekano w’amazi, kandi zitanga agaciro karambye.

Ibibazo

Kwemeza WRAS bivuze iki kubikoresho bya valve?

Icyemezo cya WRAS cyemeza ko ibikoresho bya valve byujuje ubuziranenge bw’amazi mu Bwongereza. Bakoresha ibikoresho bidafite uburozi kandi bakorerwa ibizamini bikomeye. Abatanga amazi bizera ibicuruzwa byemewe na WRAS kugirango byubahirizwe.

Inama: Buri gihe ugenzure icyemezo cya WRAS mbere yo kwishyiriraho.

Nibihe bikoresho byemeza ibyuma bidafite amashanyarazi?

Ababikora bakoresha umuringa wa DZR, ibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe na plastiki yemewe. Ibi bikoresho birwanya ruswa kandi ntibisohora ibintu byangiza. Bashyigikira umutekano wigihe kirekire.

• DZR umuringa
• Ibyuma
• PVC na plastike ya PTFE

Ni kangahe abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ibikoresho bya valve?

Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ibikoresho bya valve buri mezi atandatu. Kugenzura buri gihe bifasha kumenya gutemba, kwangirika, no kwambara. Kumenya hakiri kare birinda kwanduza no kwagura ubuzima bwa sisitemu.