Ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro: Ubwoko, porogaramu, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ikwiye

Intangiriro

Sisitemu z'amazi zizewe zishingira ku miyoboro ifunga neza, igashyirwaho vuba, kandi igakomeza gukoreshwa mugihe hari igitutu. Ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro byujuje ibyo bisabwa hakoreshejwe imbaraga za mekanike aho gukoresha gusudira cyangwa ubushyuhe, bigatuma biba bisanzwe mu bikoresho, imiyoboro itunganya, sisitemu z'amazi, na serivisi ya gazi. Iyi nkuru isobanura ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho, aho buri kimwe gikoreshwa, n'ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere, harimo ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro, igipimo cy'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, n'ibikenewe mu kubungabunga. Mu mpera, uzaba ufite urwego rusobanutse rwo kugereranya amahitamo no guhitamo igikoresho gihuye n'ikoreshwa ndetse n'ahantu hakorerwa.

Kuki ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro bifite akamaro mu mikorere igezweho y'amazi

Igezwehosisitemu yo gufata amazis ikeneye imikoranire ikomeye kandi idapfukirana ishobora kwihanganira imihangayiko ikomeye mu mikorere.Ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboroByagaragaye nk'igice cy'ingenzi muri uru rusobe rw'imiyoboro, bitanga umupfundikizo wa mekanike udashingiye ku bushyuhe cyangwa ku ruziga rugoye. Mu gukoresha umutobe n'umwe cyangwa myinshi kugira ngo bikandagire inyuma y'umuyoboro, ibi bikoresho bitanga umupfundikizo uhoraho kandi udashobora gushyuha.

Akamaro k'ibi bikoresho kari mu buryo bworoshye kandi butuma bihangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Bitewe n'ibikoresho n'imiterere yabyo, ibikoresho byo gukanda bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi bishobora gucunga umuvuduko urenze 10.000 PSI (689 bar). Ubu bushobozi butuma biba ngombwa cyane mu bidukikije aho amazi ahindagurika, uburozi, cyangwa afite agaciro gakomeye ajyanwa, kandi aho amazi aturuka mu mazi ashobora guteza akaga gakomeye mu mutekano cyangwa agatwara igihe kinini cyo gukora.

Ni gute ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro bigabanya igihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyisana?

Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi byo gushyiramo imiyoboro ihamye ni ukwihuta cyane mu guteranya. Uburyo gakondo bwo guhuza, nko gusudira, busaba abakozi bihariye, gutegura ubuso bunini, no kubona uruhushya rwo gukora rushyushye. Mu gukuraho ibi bisabwa, gushyiramo imiyoboro ihamye bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kuyishyiraho kuva kuri 50% kugeza kuri 70%.

Ingendo zo kubungabunga nazo zigira akamaro kanini mu miterere y’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho bya mekanike. Iyo bibaye ngombwa guhindura cyangwa gusana sisitemu, ibikoresho byo gukanda bishobora gusenywa no kongera guteranywa ku buryo bworoshye, akenshi bigasaba gusa ferrule yo gusimbuza aho gukata umuyoboro wose no kongera gusudira. Ubu buryo bugabanya igihe cyo kudakora kwa sisitemu kuva ku minsi kugeza ku masaha make, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro w’imikorere.

Ni hehe ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro bikunze kugaragara mu nganda?

Gukoresha imiyoboro yo gukandagira bikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye zisaba imbaraga nyinshi. Mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze, bikoreshwa ku buryo busanzwe mu nyubako zo mu mazi, mu nganda zitunganya peteroli, no mu nganda zigenzura amazi aho guhindagurika n'umuvuduko ukabije biba bihoraho. Inganda zitunganya imiti zishingira kuri zo mu rwego rwo gucunga imiti ihumanya ikirere n'ibinyabutabire byangiza ikirere mu buryo bwizewe.

Uretse inganda zikomeye, izi fittings zikoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura ibikoresho, gukora semiconductor, no mu bikorwa by’indege. Muri izi nzego, ingano z’imiyoboro y’amazi akenshi ziba hagati y’imirongo mito ya santimetero 1.16 (OD) yo gukoresha chromatography ya gaze neza kugeza kuri santimetero 2 (OD) yo kohereza amazi menshi. Ubushobozi bwo kugumana amahame ya UHP (UHP) adashyizeho slag cyangwa thread sealants bituma biba ihame ryo gutwara amazi mu buryo bw’ingenzi.

Ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro ni ibihe, kandi ni ubuhe bwoko n'ibikoresho

Mu nda yazo, imiyoboro yo gukanda igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: igice cyo kuyihuza, umutobe, n'umutobe (cyangwa seti y'umutobe). Iyo umutobe uhambiriwe ku mubiri, ushyira umutobe mu gice cy'umubiri gito. Iki gikorwa gituma umutobe uhinduka plastike hanyuma ukamuruma mu muyoboro, bigatuma umutobe ufunga neza ndetse n'uburyo bukomeye bwo gufata burwanya guturika kw'umuyoboro iyo urimo gushyuha.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro?

Inganda zishyira ahanini ibikoresho byo gukanda mu byiciro bibiri bitandukanye: sisitemu ya feri imwe n'iya feri ebyiri. Ibikoresho bya feri imwe bikoresha impeta yo gukanda imwe ikuruma mu muyoboro kugira ngo itange imikorere yo gufunga no gufata. Muri rusange bibaho cyane mu makosa y'umukoresha mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ariko bihendutse mu gukoresha umuvuduko muto.

Udukoresho tw’ibyuma bibiri dutandukanya iyi mirimo. Imashini y’imbere ikora agakingirizo kadapfukirana n’umubiri wayo n’agakingirizo kayo, mu gihe imashini y’inyuma itera imbere imashini y’imbere kandi igafata neza umuyoboro. Iyi miterere y’udukoresho tubiri itanga ubushobozi bwo kudahindagurika kandi igakemura itandukaniro rito mu bunini bw’urukuta rw’umuyoboro n’ubukomere bwawo, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza yo gukoresha mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi no mu buryo bw’ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bikoresho bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo imiyoboro yo gukanda?

Guhitamo ibikoresho bigena uburyo icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bihuye n’ibinyabutabire, ubushyuhe ntarengwa, n’ubuziranenge bw’imiterere yacyo. Icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316/316L ni cyo gipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda bitewe n’imbaraga zacyo nziza no kudahura n’ingese. Ku bidukikije bikunze kwangirika cyane, nko gukoresha gaze isharira, hagenwe imashini zidasanzwe nka Monel 400, Hastelloy C-276, na Titanium.

Umuringa ukunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwuka n'amazi afite umuvuduko muto bitewe nuko ukoreshwa neza kandi ugahenda cyane. Ku bidukikije aho icyuma kidashobora gukoreshwa, nko gukoresha imiti isukuye cyane, fluoropolymers nka PTFE cyangwa PFA zirakoreshwa.

Ni ibihe bintu bya tekiniki bigena imikorere, harimo urugero rw'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe?

Imikorere igengwa cyane n'imikoranire iri hagati y'igitutu, ubushyuhe, n'ibipimo by'imiyoboro. Uko ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bwiyongera, igitutu cyemewe cy'imiyoboro n'igipfunyika kiragabanuka. Urugero, igipfunyika cya 316 cy'icyuma kitagira umugese gifite amanota 5.000 PSI ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba gishobora gusa gupimwa amanota 3.500 PSI kuri 800°F (426°C) bitewe n'uburyo ibikoresho bihinduka.

Byongeye kandi, ubugari bw'urukuta rw'imiyoboro bugomba guhuzwa n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho ishyirwa. Iyo urukuta rw'umuyoboro ari ruto cyane, umuyoboro ushobora gusya umuyoboro aho kuwufata; iyo ari munini cyane, umuyoboro ushobora kudakora neza. Abakora batanga imbonerahamwe yuzuye y'amakuru yerekeye imiyoboro igaragaza ubugari bw'urukuta buke n'ubunini ntarengwa bwemewe kuri buri ngano ya OD kugira ngo habeho umutekano wa 4: 1.

Ni gute ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro bigereranywa n'imigozi, ishongeshejwe, na

Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagomba gusuzuma buri gihe uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ibintu. Nubwo gusudira bitanga uburyo buhoraho bwo guhuza ibintu, ariko bitanga ingorane zikomeye mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho. Imiyoboro y'ubudodo yoroshye ariko izwiho gukurura amazi mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'ubushyuhe. Imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe ishyirwa mu mahuriro y'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukorana n'ubwubatsi, itanga ubundi buryo bushimishije bwo gukoresha mu buryo gakondo.

Ni ibihe bintu byo kugereranya abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma: ubuhanga bwo gushyiraho, ikiguzi, n'ubwizerwe?

Mu gusuzuma uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma ikiguzi cy’umuyoboro. Gusudira bisaba abakozi b’abahanga kandi bemewe, ibikoresho by’ingenzi bihenze, kandi akenshi bisaba ibizamini bitangiza (NDT) nko kugenzura X-ray. Nubwo habayeho amabwiriza akomeye, igipimo cy’ubusembwa mu gusonera ibikoresho gishobora kugera kuri 2% kugeza kuri 5% mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bigoye, bigasaba kongera gukora ivugurura rihenze.

Ibikoresho bifatanye n'imigozi, nubwo bisaba ubuhanga buke n'ibikoresho bike, byishingikiriza ku bikoresho bifunga imigozi cyangwa kaseti ya PTFE bishobora kwangirika uko igihe kigenda, bigatuma habaho umutwaro mwinshi wo kubungabunga. Ibikoresho bifatanye n'imigozi bisaba amahugurwa aciriritse—ubusanzwe ni amasomo magufi yo kwemeza uburyo bwo gufunga neza, nk'itegeko risanzwe rya "1-1/4 rirenga itegeko risanzwe rya "1-1/4 rirenga intoki". Igiciro cya mbere cy'ibice bifatanye n'imigozi kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibindi bingana n'imigozi, ariko igiciro cyose gishyirwaho gikunze kuba gito bitewe n'amafaranga azigamwe n'abakozi.

Ni iyihe mbonerahamwe igaragaza neza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro n’ibindi bikoresho byayo?

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza itandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati y'uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza imiyoboro n'imiyoboro, bifasha ababigena mu guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza imiyoboro yabo.

Ni gute abakoresha ibikoresho n'abaguzi bagomba guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye wo gukanda

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyiramo imiyoboro yo gukanda bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo kwemeza ko umutekano, guhuza, no kunoza imikorere y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko n’abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba gufatanya kugira ngo basobanure ibipimo bya tekiniki mbere yo kunyura mu miterere y’umucuruzi. Kwirengagiza ikintu kimwe, nko guhindagura sisitemu cyangwa kwangirika kwa galvanic, bishobora gutuma habaho kwangirika vuba.

Ni iyihe nzira yo gutoranya intambwe ku yindi ifasha guhuza imiyoboro yo gukanda n'ikoreshwa ryayo?

Uburyo bwo guhitamo butangirana no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho, ari na byo bigena ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho n'icyuma gifunga. Hanyuma, injeniyeri zigomba kubara umuvuduko ntarengwa w'ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo zikoreshe ibintu bikwiye byo gukuraho ibikoresho. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ni ugukomeza kugira igipimo cy'umutekano cya 4:1 hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'umuyoboro.

Intambwe ya gatatu ikubiyemo guhuza igipimo cyo gushyiramo n'ibipimo nyabyo by'imiyoboro. Itegeko ry'ingenzi mu bipimo byo gushyiramo igipimo cyo gukanda ni itandukaniro ry'ubukana: imiyoboro igomba kuba yoroshye kurusha ibikoresho byo gushyiramo kugira ngo ferrule ishobore kuruma neza. Urugero, mu buryo bw'icyuma kitagira umugozi, imiyoboro muri rusange ntigomba kurenza ubukana bwa 80 HRB ku gipimo cya Rockwell.

Ni ibihe bisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, kwemeza, no kugenzura ubuziranenge by'ingenzi kurusha ibindi?

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'amabwirizakugenzura ubuziranengentibishobora kuganirwaho murisisitemu z'ingenzi z'amaziAbashinzwe gupima ibintu bagomba gushaka ibikoresho byakozwe hakurikijwe sisitemu zikomeye zo gucunga ubuziranenge bwa ISO 9001. Ku bice birimo umuvuduko, gukurikiza amahame nka ASME B31.1 (Power Piping) na ASME B31.3 (Process Piping) ni ngombwa.

Mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho bigomba gukurikiza NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, igena ibisabwa ku byuma bihura na gaze y'umunyu (hydrogen sulfide) kugira ngo hirindwe ko sulfide yangirika. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba gutegeka gutanga Raporo z'Ibipimo by'Ibikoresho (MTRs) kugira ngo harebwe neza ko imiterere y'ibikomoka ku byuma ikurikirana neza kuva ku ruganda kugeza ku gicuruzwa cyakozwe mu mashini.

Ni ibihe bintu bigomba kwitabwaho mu gushakisha no gutanga ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka ku ihitamo ry'abatanga ibicuruzwa?

Imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu kugura ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro. Nubwo ibikoresho bisanzwe bya 316L by'icyuma kidashonga mu bunini busanzwe (urugero, 1/4″, 3/8″, 1/2″) bikunze kuboneka hanze y'ikigo, ibikoresho bidasanzwe nka Super Duplex cyangwa Titanium bishobora gutwara igihe cy'ibyumweru 8 kugeza kuri 12.

Abaguzi bagomba kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gutumiza ibintu mu buryo buciriritse (MOQs). Imiterere yihariye cyangwa ibikoresho bitari iby’ubuziranenge akenshi bitera ibintu bito bito biva ku bice 100 kugeza kuri 500, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngengo y’imari y’umushinga iyo hakenewe ingano nto gusa. Gushyiraho umubano naumucuruzi ufite ububiko bwimbitsecyangwa itanga porogaramu za VMI zicungwa n'abacuruzi zishobora kugabanya izi mbogamizi zo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho bigena uburyo bwo gushyira umuyoboro ukwiye wo gukanda

Umwanzuro wa nyuma ku bijyanye no guhuza sisitemu y'amazi ushingiye ku kuringaniza amafaranga akoreshwa ako kanya n'ubushobozi bwo gukora mu gihe kirekire. Nubwo gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ari ishoramari rihambaye, bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO) no gukurikiza cyane uburyo bwiza bwo gukora mu by'ubuhanga.

Ni gute amakipe y'imishinga agomba kuringaniza igiciro mbere y'igihe n'icyizere n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose?

Amakipe y’umushinga akunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo "guhungabana kw’imashini" iyo agereranije igiciro cy’icyuma gifunganye gifite feri ebyiri n’icyuma gisanzwe gifite umugozi wa karuboni, aho amafaranga ahembwa arenga 20% kugeza kuri 30%. Ariko, iri tandukaniro ry’ibiciro mbere y’igihe rigabanuka vuba bitewe n’igabanuka ry’amasaha y’akazi yihariye.

Byongeye kandi, isesengura ry’ibiciro by’ubuzima rifasha cyane ibikoresho byo gukanda mu bidukikije bihindagurika. Igiciro cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kimwe—bipimwe mu bicuruzwa byatakaye, amande y’ibidukikije, n’amasaha yo kubungabunga byihutirwa—bishobora kurenza ingengo y’imari yose yo kugura ibikoresho by’ibikoresho. Mu gutunganya ahantu hamenetse hagaragara mu buryo bw’imigozi, ibikoresho bigira TCO iri hasi mu gihe cy’imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20 y’ubuzima bw’ibimera.

Ni ubuhe buyobozi bwa nyuma bufasha kumenya igihe ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro ari byo byiza kurusha ibindi?

Kugira ngo umwanzuro urangire, abashinzwe kugena uko ibintu bimeze bagomba gukoresha urutonde rw’ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo. Niba sisitemu irimo ibikoresho biteje akaga, gutigita cyane, umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uri hejuru ya 500 PSI, cyangwa isaba gusenywa kenshi kugira ngo ikomeze gukoreshwa, ni byiza cyane gukoresha imiyoboro igabanya umuvuduko. Ku rundi ruhande, ku miyoboro y’amazi idafite umuvuduko mwinshi aho kuyitunganya ari gake cyane, ubundi buryo buhendutse bushobora kuba buhagije.

Amaherezo, kugira ngo sisitemu yo gukanda igere ku ntego ishingiye ku guhuza ibice. Itegeko ry’ingenzi ry’inganda ni ukwirinda kuvanga ibice—nk’imbuto, ferrules, n’imibiri—biva mu nganda zitandukanye. Ndetse n’itandukaniro rya santimetero 0.001 hagati y’ibicuruzwa bihanganye rishobora kwangiza uburyo bwo gufunga, rigakuraho garanti, kandi rigashyira ahantu hakomeye mu buryo bwo gucunga amazi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo gushyiramo imiyoboro yo gukanda
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe nyungu nyamukuru y'ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro?

Bakora agakingirizo gafunga amazi gafata umuvuduko mwinshi kadasudira cyangwa ngo gakoreshwe mu buryo bugoye, ibyo bikaba byihutisha gushyiraho no koroshya isuku.

Ni ryari nkwiye guhitamo icyuma gifata feri ebyiri?

Koresha ibikoresho bifite feri ebyiri ku buryo bukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, bushobora kunyeganyega, cyangwa bukoresha amazi menshi kuko bitanga uburyo bwo gufata no gufunga neza kurusha imiterere ya feri imwe.

Ni ikihe gikoresho cyiza cyo gukoresha mu gukanda imiyoboro?

Ibyuma bita 316/316L by'icyuma kitagira umugese bikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi; umuringa ukwirakwira mu mwuka cyangwa amazi mu buryo burimo umuvuduko muto; Monel, Hastelloy, titanium, PTFE, cyangwa PFA ni byiza ku bikoresho byangiza cyane cyangwa bisukuye cyane.

Ni hehe hakunze gukoreshwa ibikoresho byo gukanda imiyoboro?

Zikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli na gaze, gutunganya imiti, ibikoresho, semiconductor, na sisitemu z'indege aho gukumira amazi no gusukura imiyoboro ari ngombwa.

Nigute nahitamo uburyo bwo gukanda bukwiye kuri nbfh-metal.com?

Huza igipimo cy'icyuma gifata umuriro n'igipimo cy'umuyoboro wawe, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, urwego rw'ingufu, n'urwego rw'ingufu, hanyuma uhitemo ibikoresho bihuye n'igishushanyo cy'icyuma gifata umuriro uhereye ku bwoko bwa NBFH Metal bwo gukanda.