Impinduramatwara Idafite Lead: Amashati y'umuringa yemejwe na UKCA mu kubungabunga umutekano w'amazi yo kunywa

Guhura n’amazi yo kunywa mu Bwongereza biracyari ikibazo, kuko isuzuma riherutse kugaragaza ko amashuri 14 kuri 81 afite urugero rw’amazi yo kunywa ruri hejuru ya 50 µg/L—inshuro eshanu z’urugero rw’amazi asabwa.ibikoresho by'icyuma gikozwe mu muringagufasha gukumira izo ngaruka, gushyigikira ubuzima rusange ndetse n'amahame akomeye agenga umutekano w'imiyoboro y'amazi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ibikoresho bya tereyine byemewe na UKCA bidafite icyuma gifunga amazi birinda kwanduza icyuma gifunga amazi mu mazi yo kunywa, bikingira ubuzima cyane cyane ku bana n'abagore batwite.
• Ibikoresho bya tereyine by'umuringa byemeza ko imiyoboro y'amazi ikomeza gusohoka, kandi ko idafite icyuma gifunga tereyine bitanga ubuzima burambye, umutekano n'inyungu ku bidukikije.
• Icyemezo cya UKCA gitanga icyizere cy’uko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rw’umutekano n’ubuziranenge mu Bwongereza, gifasha abakora ibikoresho n’abakora ibijyanye n’amazi kubahiriza amabwiriza no gushyigikira itangwa ry’amazi meza.

Impamvu ibikoresho bya teyi bya bronze bidafite lisansi kandi byemejwe na UKCA ari ingenzi

Ingaruka z'uburozi bw'ibinure mu mazi yo kunywa ku buzima

Kwanduza icyuma gihumanya amazi bibangamira ubuzima cyane, cyane cyane ku matsinda y’abantu batishoboye nk’abana n’abagore batwite. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwagaragaje ko nubwo urwego ruto rw’icyuma gihumanya amazi rushobora guteza ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

• Abana bahura n'ikibazo cy'uburozi bw'ibishishwa bashobora kugira ubumuga bwo mu mutwe no mu bwenge, harimo kugabanuka k'ubwenge, kudasobanukirwa neza, ubumuga bwo kwiga, n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire.
• Abantu bakuru bahura n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kwangirika kw'impyiko, indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, ndetse n'ibibazo byo kubyara.
• Abagore batwite bahura n'amazi yanduye lisansi bafite amahirwe menshi yo gukuramo inda, kubyara imburagihe, ndetse n'ibibazo by'imikurire y'abana babo.
• Guhura n’ibiyobyabwenge igihe kirekire, nubwo byaba ari bike cyane, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu b’ingeri zose.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima n’Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije bashyizeho urugero ntarengwa rwemewe rw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mazi yo kunywa (0.01 mg/L na 0.015 mg/L, uko bikurikirana) bitewe n’izi ngaruka. Ubushakashatsi, nk’ubwakorewe i Hamburg, mu Budage, bwagaragaje isano itaziguye hagati y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mazi yo mu robine n’urugero rw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu maraso ruri hejuru. Ingamba nko gusuka amazi mu mazi cyangwa guhindura amazi yo mu macupa zagabanyije cyane urugero rw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu maraso. Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza akamaro ko gukuraho amasoko y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mazi kugira ngo habeho kurengera ubuzima rusange.

Akamaro k'ibikoresho by'umuringa mu mikorere y'amazi

Ibikoresho bya Brass Tee bifite uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu ngo no mu bucuruzi.

• Umuringa, icyuma gikozwe mu muringa na zinc, utanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no koroshya ibintu, bigatuma uba mwiza cyane mu gukoresha imiyoboro y'amazi.
• Ibi bikoresho bihuza imiyoboro neza, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika ryihuse hagati y’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’imiyoboro kandi bigatuma habaho imiterere y’amazi igoye.
• Ibikoresho by'icyuma bicukura umuringa bigenzura amazi atembera, bigakomeza ubuziranenge bw'imikorere y'icyuma mu gihe cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bitanga ibifunga bikomeye kandi bidatemba.
• Kuramba kwabyo no kudahura n’ingufu byongera igihe cy’uburambe bw’imiyoboro y’amazi, bigabanya ibyifuzo byo kuyisana no kuyisimbuza.
• Ubwoko bwa 'union tee' butuma byoroshye kubukuraho no kubuteranya, byoroshya ubuziranenge nta kibazo cyabangamiye sisitemu yose.
• Ibikoresho by'umuringa nabyo bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Mu kwemeza ko hari uburyo bwizewe bwo guhuza amazi n'imikorere yayo, ibi bikoresho bifasha mu gukumira amazi ava mu mazi no kuyahumanya, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'amazi.

Ibyiza byo gukoresha ibikoresho bya Brass Tee bidafite lisansi

Ibikoresho by'umuringa bidafite icyuma gifunga umuringa bitanga inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'umuringa bishobora kuba birimo icyuma gifunga umuringa.

• Umutekano: Ibi bikoresho bikuraho ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'uburozi bwa lisansi binyuze mu gukumira kwanduza amazi yo kunywa, bityo bikarinda ubuzima bw'abantu.
• Kuramba: Umuringa udafite icyuma gikingira ingese n'isuri, bigatuma imikorere iramba mu miterere y'amazi isaba imbaraga nyinshi.
• Kubungabunga ibidukikije: Mu kwirinda imyanda iterwa n’uburozi bw’ibikomoka kuri lisansi, ibi bikoresho bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije kandi bigashyigikira intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
• Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Ibikoresho by’umuringa bidafite icyuma gifunga byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko, nk’Itegeko ryo Kugabanya icyuma gifunga mu mazi yo kunywa, rigena uburemere bw’icyuma gifunga ku buso butose bwa 0.25%. Uku kubahiriza amategeko ni ingenzi ku nyubako nshya no kuvugurura.
• Ingaruka nziza ku buzima: Kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’ibinyabutabire mu miyoboro y’amazi biteza imbere ubuzima n’umutekano rusange by’abaturage.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekana ko n'ibikoresho byamamaza bidafite lisansi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kurekura ingano nto y'isansi, cyane cyane nyuma yo gushyirwaho nko gukata cyangwa gusiga irangi. Ariko, ibikoresho bya tee by'umuringa bifite icyemezo cya UKCA, bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye no kugenzura ubuziranenge, bigabanya iyi ngaruka kandi bikubahiriza amahame yo hejuru y'umutekano w'amazi. Ibi bikoresho byemewe kandi bitanga garanti irambye ugereranije n'ibindi bitari byemewe, bitanga amahoro yo mu mutima ku bashyiraho ndetse n'abakoresha ba nyuma.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, icyemezo, n'impinduka mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bya Brass Tee

Gusobanukirwa icyemezo cya UKCA n'akamaro kacyo

Icyemezo cya UKCA cyabaye igipimo gishya ku bicuruzwa by’amazi mu Bwongereza kuva muri Mutarama 2021. Iki kimenyetso cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, ubuzima, n’ibidukikije mu Bwongereza. Icyemezo cya UKCA ubu ni itegeko ku bicuruzwa byinshi, harimo n’ibikoresho bya Brass Tee Fittings, byashyizwe ku isoko ry’Ubwongereza. Mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho, ibimenyetso bya UKCA na CE byombi byemerwa kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2024. Nyuma y’iyi tariki, UKCA yonyine ni yo izemerwa mu Bwongereza. Ibicuruzwa bya Irilande y’Amajyaruguru bisaba ibimenyetso byombi. Iri hinduka ryemeza ko ibikoresho bya Brass Tee Fittings byubahirije amategeko yo mu gace kandi bigakomeza kubahiriza amahame yo hejuru y’umutekano.

Amabwiriza n'Amabwiriza by'ingenzi (UKCA, NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, BSEN1254-1, Amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi/Ubwongereza)

Amabwiriza n'amahame menshi agena umutekano n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho byo kunywa. Amabwiriza ya 4 y'Amabwiriza agenga Itangwa ry'Amazi (Ibikoresho by'Amazi) yo mu 1999 asaba ibikoresho byo kwirinda kwanduza no gukoresha nabi. Ibicuruzwa ntibigomba kuvamo ibintu byangiza kandi bigomba kubahiriza Amabwiriza y'Ubwongereza cyangwa amabwiriza yemewe. Inzego zitanga ibyemezo nka WRAS, KIWA, na NSF zipima kandi zikemeza ibicuruzwa, zigatanga icyizere ko ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Brass Tee Fittings bigumana ubuziranenge bw'amazi. Amabwiriza nka NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 na BSEN1254-1 ashyiraho imipaka ikomeye ku bipimo by'amazi n'imikorere y'imashini.

Icyemezo, Uburyo bwo Gupima, n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge (Harimo no Gusesengura XRF)

Abakora bakoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima kugira ngo barebe ingano y'ubutare mu byuma bipima icyuma bya Brass Tee. Isesengura rya X-ray fluorescence (XRF) ni uburyo bw'ingenzi budasenya. Ritanga ibisubizo byihuse kandi byuzuye ku miterere y'ibikoresho, harimo n'ingano y'ubutare. Imashini zipima XRF zikoreshwa mu ntoki zemerera kugenzura aho ibintu biherereye mu gihe cyo gukora, zishyigikira ubwiza bw'ireme. Ubundi buryo burimo gusuzuma neza inenge zo ku buso no gupima imbaraga za mashini. Isesengura rya chimique, nka shimi y'amazi, ritanga uburyo burambuye bwo gucikamo ibice. Izi nzira zemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa kandi ntibiteza ingaruka ku buzima.

Ibibazo n'ibisubizo by'impinduka ku bakora n'abakora amazi

Abakora ibikoresho bya Brass Tee bahura n'imbogamizi nyinshi iyo bagiye gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite icyuma gifunga imyenda, kandi byemewe na UKCA:

• Bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze agenga uburemere bw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku kigero cya 0.25%.
• Kwemeza amahame nka NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 ni itegeko, akenshi bisaba igenzura ry’abantu ba gatatu.
• Kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo ukoresha ibyuma byasubiwemo.
• Imiterere mishya y’ibumba isimbura icyuma cy’ubutare n’ibintu nka silikoni cyangwa bismuth kugira ngo ikomeze gukora neza.
• Abakora bagomba gushyira ikimenyetso no gutandukanya neza ibikoresho bidafite icyuma gishyushya amabuye n'icyuma gishyushya amabuye.
• Isuzumabumenyi rigezweho, nka XRF, rifasha kugenzura ko amategeko yubahirizwa.

Abakora akazi ko gushyiramo amazi bagomba gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo amazi no kwemeza ko bishyirwa neza. Gushyiraho ibirango bisobanutse neza no gukomeza kwigisha abantu bifasha kwirinda ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko no kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage.

Ibikoresho bidafite icyuma gikoreshwa mu kurinda ubuzima rusange byemewe na UKCA bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda ubuzima rusange no kugenzura ko amategeko yubahirizwa. Gucunga neza ingaruka no kubahiriza amahame ahora ahinduka bifasha abafatanyabikorwa kwirinda ibihano biteganywa n'amategeko, kugabanya ibibazo mu mikorere, no gukomeza kwizerana. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa byemewe bigaragaza inshingano no gushyigikira amazi meza kandi akomeye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

"Kutagira icyuma gifunga" bivuze iki ku bikoresho bya tereyi z'umuringa?

"Nta lisansi" bivuze ko umuringa urimo uburemere butarenze 0.25% by'isansi mu buso butose. Ibi byujuje amahame akomeye y'ubuzima n'umutekano ku miyoboro y'amazi yo kunywa.

Ni gute abakora akazi k'ububoyi bashobora kumenya inkweto z'umuringa zidafite icyuma zizwi nka UKCA?

Abakora akazi ko gushyira amazi mu mazi bashobora kugenzura ikimenyetso cya UKCA ku bipfunyika cyangwa ku gikoresho ubwacyo. Inyandiko z’ubuhamya zitangwa n’abatanga serivisi nazo zemeza ko amategeko y’Ubwongereza yubahirizwa.

Ese ibikoresho by'umuringa bidafite icyuma bigira ingaruka ku buryohe cyangwa ubwiza bw'amazi?

Ibikoresho by'umuringa bidafite icyuma gifunga amazi ntibihindura uburyohe cyangwa impumuro y'amazi. Bikomeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'amazi, bigashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ndetse n'icyizere cy'abaguzi.